Relation between dietary patterns and insulin resistance in 40-59 years old Guangzhou adults / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the overall diet quality of adults in Guangzhou and investigate whether adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could help to reduce the risk of obesity and insulin resistance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 540 adults aged 40-59 years completed 3 consecutive 24-hour diet recalls. Diet quality were evaluated by using Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) scoring and evaluating system. Anthropometric parameters, fast glucose and fast insulin were measured. Insulin resistance was defined as the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DBI-Lower Bound Score (DBI-LBS), DBI-Higher Bound Score (DBI-HBS) and DBI-Diet Quality Distance (DBI-DQD) were 16.1-17.5, 7.6-8.2, 23.6-25.7 relatively. The intake of cereals, beans and dietary products were insufficient in the population, while the intake of animal food, salt and edible oils were excessive. Subjects in model A had a lower body mass index (BMI, P=0.022) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, P=0.001) than those in model E. Compared with model A, subjects in model E had greater odds ratio for insulin resistance (odds ratio: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.21, 7.67).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dietary structure of the residents in Guangzhou was relatively balanced and reasonable, but the problems such as inadequate food intake and excessive food intake still co-exist. Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could help to reduce the risk of insulin resistance.</p>

Study of effects of dietary fatty acids on the serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of dietary fatty acids on the serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 297 residents with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled in Guangzhou. The dietary composition and the changes in serum lipid levels during the 6-month follow-up were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) 297 subjects were enrolled and 281 subjects (88 male, 193 female) completed the 6-month follow-up. The serum TC concentration of the subjects was (6.09+/-0.68) mmol/L at baseline. (2) According to the percentage of energy from total fat, all of the subjects were divided into three groups, including total fat % en<25% (group I, 90 subjects), 25%-30% (group II, 97 subjects), >30% (group III, 94 subjects). The reduction of TC and LDL-C in group I and group II was greater than that in group III. (3) According to the percentage of energy from SFA, all of the subjects were divided into three groups, including SFA % en<7% (group I, 81 subjects), 7%-10% (group II, 129 subjects), >10% (group III, 71 subjects). The reduction of TC and LDL-C in group I and group II was greater than that in group III. (4) All of the subjects were divided into three groups, according to the percentage of energy from MUFA, including MUFA % en<10% (group I, 93 subjects), 10%-13% (group II, 106 subjects), >13% (group III, 82 subjects). The reduction of TC and LDL-C in group II was greater than that in group I and group III. (5) All of the subjects were divided into three groups according to the percentage of energy from PUFA, including PUFA % en<7% (88 subjects), 7%-9% (94 subjects), >9% (99 subjects). No significant difference was found among the reduction of serum lipids in the three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dietary total fat % en<or=30%, SFAs % en<or=10% and MUFAs % en 10%-13% should be conductive to reduce the serum lipids of patients with hyperlipidemia.</p>

Effect of early postoperative enteral nutritional support in abdominal surgery / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To evaluate the feasibility and the effect of the early postoperative enteral nutrition on improving the nutritional status, cost of nutrition and hospital stay after operation in abdominal surgery.Methods 48 patients who underwent abdominal operation were allocated into 2 groups: enteral nutrition group(EN group,23 cases) and parenteral nutrition group(PN group,25 cases). It was isonitrogenous and isocaloric intake in both groups. Each day nitrogen intake (0.18±0.02)g/kg,104.6—125.52 kJ(25—30kCal/kg). EN was given at postoperation 8 hours by naso intestinal tube which was placed 30 cm distal to ligament of Treitz or jejunal export loop. PN was provided by peripherally inserted central venous catheters(PICC). The nutritional indices were investigated. A visual analogy scale was used to estimate the infection related complication, cost of nutrition and hospital stay. These parameters were evaluated preoperatively and on the 8th day after operation.Results Early postoperative enteral nutrition showed significant nutrition effect in the patients undergoing abdominal surgery. In the EN group,the nitrogen balance became positive at the postoperative day 4,whereas the nitrogen balance still remained negative in the PN group. The EN group decreased their hospital stay and cost of nutrition compared with that of the PN group(P<0.05). Conclusion The early postoperative enteral nutrition is safe and feasible. It cannot only improve the nutritional status and intestinal function obviously, but also decreased the hospital stay and cost of nutrition compared with parenteral nutrition.